Tuesday, 11 March 2014

The diachronic change of the word ‘Bank’



Origin

The origin of the word bank is originally a Germanic word that refers to a Bench. This word was then borrowed around 1150-1200 in the Middle English era and written as ‘banke’. This meaning was then adapted to mean the area around an area of water such as rivers. This could be because the original meaning was bench which is thought to be translated as ‘things in a row’ The river banks would be the row next to the sea so perhaps this is where this connotation had come from.. Hence the term ‘Riverbank’ we hear today. Gradually the word banke was becoming a word that could help describe a raised waterbed hence the name, ‘sandbank’ or ‘mudbank’.

 

However in 1425-75 benches were being used as table that people who were lending money or exchanging items. As the original Germanic translation meant bench, the word ‘banke’ in use in English at that time, had broadened its meaning as this was becoming a common word related to a place where money would be taken or given.  This then has developed into the bank that we now know today that give out loans and where we can deposit money. Equally this could be the reason why in board games, such as monopoly, why there is one person who looks after the money or tokens and they are called the banker.



NGram
This shows the pecentage of times the word ‘bank’ was used in books at certain times.

 
This graph helps show this broadening over time as the pecentage and line are getting higher  as the time goes one. As you can see there are small spikes from 1500 to 1700 but its after 1700 that the word gets used drastically more.  One reason why this may of happpened is because it was toward the end of the 1700s that the industrial revolution happened so there would be more people in work and having an income. This could mean that keeping money in a bank could have become more popoular at this time. But equally the spike may have occurred as the printing press and books genrerally were getting easily published.  These could have been part of the reasons combined with the wide range of meanings that this word has.

Phrases
‘Break the bank’-  This term was first used in the 1600s and this was used when someone who was gambling had won more than the banker could pay. This phrase has been used since this time however this it is now commonly used as a way of persuading someone that something wont cost much. ‘It wont break the bank to buy this’. Its used in the way that means that you would still have money if you did something.
‘laugh all the way to the bank’-  This is used to describe someone who has earnt money from something that orginally is thought less of or worthless. One example that is ‘ I don’t like that comedian but he will laugh all the way to the bank’.  It describes when someone thinks an idea or thing is worthless but someone will be making money from it. Hence the laughing to the bank. This phrases can also be used as ‘ cried all the way to the bank’ to mean the opposite.

-      2     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank

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